Located on the Arabian Peninsula in western Asia, Saudi Arabia is the largest economy in the West Asian and North African region.

Saudi Arabia has proven oil reserves accounting for approximately 17.85 percent of the world's reserves, ranking second globally. In addition to its abundant oil and gas resources, Saudi Arabia also possesses over 30 types of metal deposits such as gold, copper, iron, tin, aluminum and zinc, as well as significant quantities of non-metallic minerals like potash and limestone. It is also the world's largest producer of desalinated seawater, with its desalination output accounting for around 20 percent of the world's total.

In 2022, the top five export destinations for Saudi Arabia were China, India, Japan, South Korea and the United States. The top five import sources for Saudi Arabia were China, the United States, the United Arab Emirates, India and Germany. The top five categories of exported products included crude oil, chemical products, plastics and rubber products, basic metals and transportation equipment and parts. The top five categories of imported products included machinery and electronic products, vehicles and their parts, chemical products, basic metals and products and minerals.

According to the World Investment Report 2023, in 2022, Saudi Arabia's outward foreign direct investment flow was $18.83 billion. Throughout 2022, Saudi Arabia attracted $7.89 billion in foreign investment.

The major industries of Saudi Arabia are the petroleum industry, chemical industry, mining industry, new energy, digital economy and cross-border e-commerce.